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Buses are used to allow communication to take place between the processor and RAM.

Address bus

The address bus holds the address in RAM that the processor is accessing. It is uni-directional. This means the address can only be transmitted in one direction - from the processor to main memory (RAM).

Data bus

The data bus carries data between the processor and the memory. It is bi-directional. This means that it is possible to transfer data both to and from the processor and memory.