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A network is two or more computers (or other electronic devices) that are connected together for the purpose of communication. They can be connected by a wired medium such as cables or by a wireless medium such as Wi-Fi.

A computer or device that is not connected to a network is called a stand alone.

Today, many different types of computer are connected to some form of network. As well as PCs, many other devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, fitness trackers, car engine management systems, internet-enabled fridges, intelligent personal assistants and media boxes can all be connected.

Advantages of using networks

Networking computers brings several benefits:

• file sharing - users can share files with other users
• hardware sharing - users can share hardware such as a printer
• software sharing - users can share software applications
• communication - users can communicate via email, chat, or by video
• roaming access - users can sign in to any computer on the network and be able to access their files

On larger networks, such as those used by businesses and schools, there are additional benefits:

• centralised maintenance and updates - network managers can apply software updates across a network, removing the need for a user to install updates
• centralised security - anti-virus software and firewalls can be implemented across a network, helping to protect user files from risks
• user monitoring - network managers can monitor what users do on a network
• levels of access - different users can be given different access rights, so that files can be accessed only by those who need to do so

Disadvantages of networks

Networking computers also brings several disadvantages:

• cost - additional equipment is needed to allow computers to communicate
• management - networks require management by technical staff such as a network manager
• spread of malware - viruses and other forms of malware can easily spread across an improperly secured network
• hacking - once a device is connected to another device it is possible that data may be accessed without the device owner's permission