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8,000 BC |
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Evidence of pottery and agricultural production in Nile Valley |
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3200-2755 BC |
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Pre-dynastic/Archaic
Early Nile Valley settlements united into one administration. First appearance of Egyptian writing or hieroglyphics
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2755-2255 BC |
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The Old Kingdom
The building of the first pyramids. Architect, physician and priest Imhotep revolutionises pyramid construction by using stone rather than mud to build the famous Step Pyramid for the ruler Zoser. King Cheops later builds the Great Pyramid of Giza. [PHOTO] The Old Kingdom Egyptians make huge advances in academic fields such as navigation, astronomy and medicine.
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2200-2160 |
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The First Intermediate period
Chaos sparked by the death of the Sixth dynasty King Pepi the second after ninety-four years of rule. Central authority collapses leading to civil war as local princes clashed with each other.
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2134-1784 BC |
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The Middle Kingdom
Egypt reunited and the country's administration reorganised under Menthuhotep
who based his capital at Thebes. He maintains the unity of the state against
regional insurgencies. The twelfth dynasty king Sesostris I and his successor
Sesostris III build fortresses in Nubia and form standing armies to fight
against the Nubians. |
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1783-1570 BC |
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The Second Intermediate Period
The Hka-Hasut or Hyksos migrate to Egypt from Western Asia introducing the horse and chariot and establish a dynasty in the middle and north of the country which confronts Theban-based ruler Kamose. Kamose's brother, Ahmose I, eventually defeats the Hyksos and reunites Egypt.
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1570-1085 |
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The New Kingdom
Amenhotep I begins new period of expansion into Nubia and Palestine.
Thutmose II extends the Egyptian empire by waging seventeen foreign
campaigns. With the country politically stable Egyptian art and building
revives under Amenhotep III. The young Pharaoh Tutankamen dies aged
18 and hisrichly furnished tomb is found in 1922. Ramses the second
wages war against the Hittite peoples from Asia and conducts successful
campaigns in Palestine and Syria. |
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1450 BC |
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Egypt destroys Kushite kingdom of Kerma and occupies Nubia for 500 years |
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1085-767 BC |
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The
Third Intermediate Period
The power of Pharaohs is challenged by the priests of the god Amun. Egypt is divided between Kings ruling from Tanis in the north and high priests based in the southern town of Thebes.
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1075 |
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Governors of Kush begin to assert independence. |
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850 BC |
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Rise of the Kushite state of Napata. |
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767-671 BC |
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The Late Period
The Kushite kings of 25th Dynasty emerge as rulers of Egypt starting the
period of "black pharaohs" from a culture which shows far more African influences
than previous administrations. The Kushites are eventually ousted by the
Assyrians. |
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553 BC |
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Kushite kings move to Meroe. |
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332 BC |
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Alexander
the Great occupies Egypt and one of his governors, Ptolomy, founds
a dynasty which ends with the famous Queen Cleopatra. |
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30 BC |
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Cleopatra's forces are defeated by the Roman legions under the Roman commander, Octavian, and Egypt effectively became a province of the Roman Empire. |
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12 BC-12 AD |
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Golden age of Meroitic culture under King Netekamani. |
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300 AD |
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Decline of Meroe. |
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