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German is among the most widely spoken language in the European Union and is the official language in Germany, Austria and Liechtenstein. It's also one of the official languages of Switzerland and Luxembourg.

There are other German-speaking communities scattered around Europe, such as in the Province of Bolzano-Bozen in Northern Italy and the Eastern part of Belgium, as well as communities in Eastern Europe, North and South America.

At some point you might have enjoyed some
ÌýSchadenfreude, pleasure in other people's misfortune, and maybe went to
ÌýKindergarten as a child. You may have come across the word
ÌýZeitgeist, meaning 'the spirit of the times', or felt a bit of
ÌýAngst as a teenager. See, it's all German.

Not only are there lots of words of German origin in English, German welcomes English with open arms. New words are slotted into the grammatical system, albeit with a crowbar, if necessary! So, familiar words end up with strange endings, genders attached to them or even new meanings. There is even a word for them: Denglish, (the D is for Deutsch, German).

Want to know a little Denglish? Here goes!
Ìýdie Airconditioning - air conditioning
Ìýbabysitten - to babysit
Ìýjoggen - to go jogging or running
Ìýdas Handy - the mobile phone
Ìýder Showmaster - the TV host

German is considered a difficult language to study by English learners, with its long and winding words, four noun case endings and three grammatical genders and the pronunciation gives every muscle in your mouth a good workout. On the other hand, as both English and German are related, you'll notice a number of similarities that may make it easier to learn. Also, the compound words are so much fun to learn and the grammar's considered to be quite logical. Just watch out for the exceptions to the rules.

German is a very descriptive language. Nouns, especially, often combine the object with the activity.
Ìýder Staubsauger - the vacuum cleaner, consists of the noun Staub, dust and the verb saugen, to suck, ie. a dustsucker.
Ìýdas Fernsehen - the television, combines the words fern, far, and sehen, watching, lit. far-watching.

German words can become overwhelmingly long, but just see it as a challenge and read the word slowly out loud.
How many words can you spot in the following compound nouns? Due to the economic crisis, the German government passed the
ÌýWachstumsbeschleunigungsgesetz, growth acceleration act, and the Ìý´¡²ú·É°ù²¹³¦°ì±è°ùä³¾¾±±ð, scrappage scheme, or cash for clunkers scheme, to support the German car industry.

If that's not tongue twister enough for you, here's a really popular one:
ÌýFischers Fritze fischte frische Fische.
Fisherman Fritz fished fresh fish.
Even tricky in English!

Mastering the subtleties of irony is still work in progress, but, just like other countries, Germans like to make jokes about older people, blondes and politics and they have a special fondness for jokes about civil servants.

ÌýWarum dürfen Pausen in Ämtern nie länger als 60 Minuten dauern?
Damit man die Beamten nicht jedes Mal neu anlernen muss.
Why are civil servants not allowed to take one hour breaks?
Because there's not enough time to train them again and again.

ÌýWas ist das ideale Geschenk für's Beamtenbüro?
Ein Bewegungsmelder!
What is the ideal present for a civil servants' office?
A motion detector.

The closest relative of German is Dutch and, believe it or not, English. German sits within the West Germanic arm of the Indo-European language family, together with English, Dutch and Flemish, Frisian, Yiddish, Afrikaans and Luxembourgish. There are certain similarities regarding grammar, syntax and vocabulary with Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Icelandic which, together with Faroese, are among the North Germanic languages. If you're keen on an East Germanic language, you can always give Gothic or Vandalic a go, although they became extinct a long time ago.

ÌýWie geht's?How are you? Ask this question and expect a straight, honest answer with much more information about a person's actual frame of mind than you might have intended. Germans generally have no problem talking openly about their bodily functions, but if they wish you ÌýGute Fahrt it simply means Have a good trip.

There are many more of those so-called false friends, words which aren't what they seem in English. German Ìýfast means almost and ÌýAfter stands for rectum. The German Ìýbald has nothing to do with a gentlemen's hairstyle, it means soon and ÌýMist is not the silver dawning of a new day, it simply means... rubbish.

German is widely known as the language of the Dichter und Denker, writers and thinkers. One of the greatest is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). His drama Faust I (1808) is considered his greatest work and a national treasure, as well as the source of many quotations still present in everyday German.

The phrase Ìýdes Pudels Kern, lit. the core of the poodle, is often used for expressing a deeper meaning. Named after the character Gretchen in Faust, Ìýdie Gretchenfrage, lit. the Gretchen question, aims at your heart and soul, often triggering a confession or a difficult decision.

From a more recent source by another famous German writer, Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956), comes the ultimate insight into human nature:
ÌýErst kommt das Fressen, dann kommt die Moral.
Food comes first, then morals.
Die Dreigroschenoper, The Threepenny Opera, 1928

The oldest existing book written in the German language is probably Abrogans, an 8th century manuscript dictionary of translations from Latin into Old High German. One copy has survived and is kept in the library of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

One of the oldest literary works is the Hildebrandslied, the song of Hildebrand, dating back to the 9th century. It's a heroic lay, telling the tragic encounter in a battle between a son, Hadubrand, and his unrecognised father, Hildebrand.

German is one of those languages that differentiate between a formal and informal you, especially when it comes to business. Always use the formal ÌýSie for people you've just met and only switch to the informal Ìýdu after being invited to do so.
Play it safe and address a person unknown to you with ÌýHerr, Mr, or ÌýFrau, Ms, followed by their surname. The German Ìý¹ó°ùä³Ü±ô±ð¾±²Ô for an unmarried woman is totally out-of-date.

Germans strongly differentiate between work and play. A firm handshake is the traditional formal greeting. In a more informal setting, simply say ÌýHallo and possibly pursue with cheek-kissing, which is very much en vogue amongst women with their friends, whether male or female, but not so much between male friends, who prefer a firm pat on the shoulder.

Titles are still very important, so don't be surprised to find many people in Germany calling themselves Doktor. This title is more proof of academic credentials than of medical skills.