By the late 1980s the finances of the 成人快手 were being brought into line with changes occurring in the rest of the public sector in Britain. As the UK economy slowly moved from post war consensus around social democracy, to an Americanised commercial model, the big institutions of the British state were deemed in need of reform.
成人快手 financial practices were to reflect this wider shift, and an internal market was established called "Producer Choice". The changes caused a great deal of anxiety amongst established staff, who were not used to accounting for every penny they spent in real terms.
Maggie Bebbington, Horizon’s Unit Manager in the 1980s and 90s, describes the system before the changes.
By 1992 Director General Michael Checkland had seen through the introduction of the initial phase of the 成人快手鈥檚 internal market. The system was completed by Checkland鈥檚 successor, Lord John Birt. Now programme makers were expected to look outside for facilities and resources, not just internally.
As a result, layers of in-house support services were swept away, and hundreds of millions of pounds were freed up to fund the 成人快手's response to growing competition. The benefits were slow to make themselves felt, and in the early days of the new system, there were few advocates amongst producers trying to grapple with the system.
For a Unit Manager like Maggie Bebbington there were a few surprises in store.
Interviews
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Peter Goodchild
After having trained in studio direction Peter Goodchild (the longest surviving editor of the programme) was asked by Aubrey Singer, then Head of 成人快手 Science and Features, to make a choice. Did he want to be an educationalist or an entertainer for the rest of his 成人快手 career? -
Alec Nisbett
Alec Nisbett, has been described by fellow programme makers as 鈥榯he quintessential Horizon producer鈥, never shying away from putting hard science on TV. -
Deborah Cadbury
The first programme Deborah worked on for the 成人快手 was on a series which was something of a training ground for many a Horizon producer, Tomorrow's World (成人快手: 1965-2003). She won many awards for her work on Horizon including Emmys and BAFTAS. -
Simon Campbell-Jones
Simon鈥檚 first film for Horizon was broadcast in January 1969, and was called The Miraculous Wonder: the Human Eye. Narrated by Christopher Chataway, the programme asked if human eyes 鈥渨ere windows to your soul, the receiver of irrelevant information, respectable substitutes for sex, something like footballs? Or a piece of the brain looking out at the world?鈥 -
Peter Jones
Peter Jones had been watching Horizon from the very early days, soon after the studio based magazine format was phased out, and just knew he had to be part of the programme. -
Sarah Carr
With a large team of directors, producers, production assistants, and researchers, keeping Horizon on schedule and within budget was no mean feat. Unit Manager Sarah Carr had the mammoth task of keeping the Horizon ship afloat, which she did with wit, charm and firmness! -
David Dugan
David Dugan joined Horizon in 1976 as a researcher, having only contributed science articles to the national press before. He heard about his appointment to the programme by what today would be considered antiquated means 鈥 telegram! -
Andrew Cohen
Arguably the rise through the world of TV science, of the hugely popular and highly successful physicist and communicator Professor Brian Cox, was down to Andrew Cohen. -
Maggie Bebbington
By 1992 Director General Michael Checkland had seen through the introduction of the inital phase of the 成人快手鈥檚 internal market called Producer Choice. For a Unit Manager like Maggie Bebbington there were a few surprises in store. -
Edward Goldwyn
Ed Goldwyn joined the 成人快手 in 1962 first as a researcher, then producer in schools, education, and Open University programmes. He was anxious to move to Horizon which had impressed him since it first began in 1964. -
Tessa Livingstone
Horizon is known for its specialist and engaging science films, but occasionally the production team finds itself in a breaking news situation when on location. -
Martin Freeth
The pressures of the multi-channel world were not a concern for earlier Horizon film makers. Although Martin Freeth experienced some of the changes brought about by digital TV, his Horizon career (1971鈥1997) rarely encountered pressure to deliver anything other than 鈥榓 good programme鈥. -
Chris La Fontaine
Such was the power of television in the 1970s (there were only three TV channels in the UK until 1982), that sometimes it was enough to simply look behind the scenes of an institution and see what went on there. -
Graham Massey
Horizon soon started to make itself known as a vehicle for breaking science stories and questioning accepted wisdoms. Graham Massey was Head of 成人快手 Science between 1989-91, and was a Horizon film maker between 1974 and 1985. -
John Lynch
When John Lynch joined Horizon in the 1970s, simply revealing how something 鈥榳orked鈥, without necessarily telling any 鈥榮tory鈥 as such, provided sufficient interest for audiences. -
Christopher Sykes
In 1980 Christopher Sykes wrote and produced The Slatemakers for Horizon. It was this programme that triggered his own unique approach to science television. For Chris, people were the key to successful science documentaries. -
Jana Bennett
It took until 1990 for the 成人快手 to appoint a women to the position of Editor, Horizon. It had not been a straightforward journey for Jana Bennett who took the job, having faced some less than positive views about the role of women in broadcasting.