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Prompts v causes

I spoke to a second-hand car dealer today. A nice chap called Mike Navidi out in Arlington, just close to Washington DC.

evan_caroutlet.jpgApart from enjoying the chance to be simply amazed at how cheap his cars are ($12,000 for a neat-looking Mustang on the forecourt) I wanted to know how easily were finding it to get car loans.

I was a bit surprised to hear that he still writes loans all the time, even for sub-prime customers, and that they rarely get turned down.

That could be seen as reassuring.

The great worry at the moment is that the credit crunch in the financial sector will lead to real economic problems as banks stop lending anymore. (That's what I was talking about in the blog yesterday in fact).

But my car dealer implied that's not been affecting him. It's not the credit crunch constraining credit.

So surprised was I, that I spoke to a second second-hand car dealer to get another opinion. He told me the same thing. He said you wouldn't get a sub-prime mortgage now, but you can still get a sub-prime car loan.

However, Mike Navidi was adamant about something... that even though credit was available, he's not selling so many cars. Not because people can't get loans, but because they don't want them.

This might turn out to be important. It might be that the credit crunch is not pulling the economy down by reigning in the supply of credit; it could be that it is simply the trigger to remind consumers that they need to reign in the demand for credit. After all, their balance sheets have suffered in the wake of housing market falls.

In this sense, one might view the credit crunch not so much as causing the problems, but as prompting them. A subtle distinction, I know, but an important one all the same.

A "prompt" launches something that you might have expected to occur anyway at some point.

A "cause" brings something about that would not have otherwise happened.

I'm not sure whether the credit crunch will turn out to cause problems or prompt them. It's worth us being wary of both, and it is possible it can cause and prompt at the same time.

But I'm perhaps increasingly thinking that the credit crunch has activated a big economic shift that was already waiting to happen, as unsustainable economic trends unravelled.

That has an interesting implication: we shouldn't just focus on the credit crunch, we should also look at the economic fundamentals.

And it also implies that although the credit crunch itself was not really predictable, all the big things apart from the credit crunch that are going on right now, could have been foreseen.

• Falling house prices in the US

• A falling dollar, leading to an improving trade balance

• Potentially slower consumer spending in the US

• Higher than expected sub-prime mortgage defaults

Just because we didn't know what form the crisis would take when the economy moved out of its unsustainable phase of low consumer saving and trade imbalances, does not mean we couldn't have known there would be big adjustments.

Being interested in why the world has apparently been taken by surprise at a turn of events that were to some extent inevitable, I asked the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund today, Simon Johnson, what he thought.

Of course he rightly made the point that no-one predicted the intensity of the credit crunch.

But he also made the point that there are lots of pieces of the crisis that you could have predicted individually, like the falling dollar, or falling house prices, or high oil prices, but not the confluence of different things that are going on simultaneously. (You should be able to hear part of that interview on Radio 4's PM programme, on Wednesday evening at 5pm).

For example, Mr Johnson argues that you might have predicted high oil prices, but not at the same time as a housing market correction. It's unusual to have a US recession threat preceding an oil price hike.

He might be right on these points. But the truth remains that when big economic shifts occur they sometimes tend to be a bit messy. And when things get messy, everything tends to get messy at the same time. Things that look unrelated, like the value of the dollar and the direction of house prices, suddenly seem related after all.

We probably ought to have known that.

We can be forgiven for not forecasting the time and the precise trigger for economic adjustment. We can't be forgiven for not realising that adjustment had to come.

Comments   Post your comment

  • 1.
  • At 12:00 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • Mark wrote:

I don't understand why any of this comes as a surprise. Every element was part of a trend or the result of long standing similar events which crop up periodically.

There is no credit crunch because the Treasury will pump liquidity into the system to whatever degree it has to to avert any but a mild recession and even that is worst case. That was the lesson it learned from the 1929 depression when it reduced liquidity at precisely the wrong time helping trigger the recession and making it worse.

There are countless millions of cars on the American market nobody wants including many brand new ones, often sitting around for years. A couple of years ago, I saw a fully loaded Mercury Grand Marquis in a dealer's showroom for $17,000, an outstanding value IMO. The catch, it was the previous year's model but there's hardly a change from one year to the next. I know at one point GM alone had over a million new cars on dealer lots it couldn't sell. Cars have been extended in lifespan from about 40,000 to 60,000 miles 30 years ago to 200,000 or more today. There are around 200 million cars on American roads in a country with a population of 300 million. 16 million new cars are sold to Americans every year. Anyone who wants a car can have one...or more. Besides, they are becoming more and more alike, the distinctiveness in styling and features they exhibited in the 50s and 60s almost entirely a thing of the past.

We get periodic housing gluts in the US. It's nothing new. There is hardly anything easier to build than a house. There's been a rash of new home building for years, why wouldn't there be a glut? The sub prime mortgages were invented to help sell them. Who would ever have thought so many highly paid investment experts with all their business credentials would buy these pigs in a poke but as P.T. Barnum's old saying goes, there's a sucker born every minute and the world of banking and finance is full of people who are full of themselves.

With huge trade defecits and government spending defecits, how could the US dollar not have fallen? As it turns out, it's been an incredibly powerful economic weapon the US hasn't even begun to explore yet. Just ask Airbus if it isn't true.

With rising fuel costs and fears of recession, how could consumer spending not go down. Will people spend as much money and take on as much new credit when they are worried about their own finances as when they aren't worried? China beware, your economy based on high volume manufacture and export of cheap junk consumer goods bought with discretionary money often on a whim is very vulnerable to fluctuations of American consumer confidence which is trending lower now. The irony is that China itself is pushing up the cost of fuel because of its consumption to manufacture more and more of them and the demands by Chinese consumers themselves for cars and warmer homes in winter. You'd have to be living in a cave not to understand what is happening on the world's fossil fuels market. This is one big element pushing American consumer confidence down. (BTW, the US could supply all of its own domestic energy needs from its own coal for the next 250 years if it wanted to.)

Higher than "expected" sub prime mortgage defaults? This strikes me as being as big a surprise as watching a deer standing on railroad tracks in the dark, paralyzed to move as its eyes are glazed over by headlights of an oncoming train, and then getting run over. What surprise is that? Selling houses to people who can't afford it? I saw widespread "createive financing" in California and the west 30 years ago. Many banks would sell you a foreclosed home they'd repossessed just for the ability to take over the monthly mortgage payments and pay the real estate taxes.

So are we in the perfect economic storm? Not yet, not by a long shot, which is not to say it isn't coming. What will trigger "the big blow?" Watch for fear of war in the Middle East as the threat of Iran looms larger, a resulting sudden huge hike in oil prices, collapse in the US stock market, and then the bottom falling out for Europe and China. The world will not end...but it won't be the same after the dust settles either. Who will come out on top after 5 or 10 years? Who always comes out on top?

  • 2.
  • At 01:04 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • Dave wrote:

So when will the economists begin to talk in these terms about the UK economy? Perpetually talking up the strength of the pound and saying how much less likely it is that any of the problems faced by the US will affect UK growth in the same way is just the standard smoke screen put out by those few people who stand to gain by the majority of Brits running up massive personal debt and by sustaining an overheated housing market by assuming prices can only ever get higher. Why would a mortgage lender ever tell you not to buy a mortgage?? We've had years of low interest rates which lulls people into believing they are richer than than actually are. Result? Any number of small financial upsets can converge to tip us all over the edge. You only have to look at just how sensitive oil prices have become to realise that any event, no matter how trivial (or non-existent, as recent headlines seem to suggest), can cause major shockwaves through such an unstable situation.

  • 3.
  • At 01:41 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • Daron wrote:

I agree with Mark; all of the current conditions are totally predictable if you look at all the hard data and history, instead of just talking about it.

Money Week seem to be on the ball most of the time. They have been banging on about the inevitable outcomes for a couple of years or more.

One thing we learn from history is that we never learn from history.

  • 4.
  • At 02:12 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • Peter wrote:

Perhaps mainstream commentators couldn't see it coming but many others have been predicting this for the last couple of years - I think these people have just been surprised it has taken so long.

Welcome to the collapse of the pyramid scheme and the never ending gloabl recession.

  • 5.
  • At 02:45 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • Matt Prescott wrote:

I think it has been pretty obvious for several that everyone living on debt was unsustainable. The problem was that living on debt and passing it around was fine for as long as you could pass on your parcel of it, and no-one knew when the music would stop. In the mean time people could earn more from buying and selling houses than working, and surely someone has to work. Now the harsh realities of spending more than you earn will hit a lot of people very hard and a huge amount of tough decisions that everyone had hoped wouldn't need to be faced will have to be made. I don't trust the bankers and mortgage sellers who have a self interest in saying that everything is fine, and wish people would stop reporting such subjective opinions as though they were somehow objective. The data is pretty ugly when you compare US debt with third world debt - the US has more - or when you think what would happen to all exporting nations if oil stopped being priced in dollars and became even more expensive for Americans.

  • 6.
  • At 03:26 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • John Constable wrote:

I agree with contributor #1.

The big crunch must occur when the Iranian regime is dealt with.

And, after the dust settles, the USA will still be top-dog.

That particular empire has a long, long way to run, mainly, IMHO, because of the USA's outstanding scientific community and its translation into goods and services that people worldwide want.

The USA knows 'how to win' like nobody before.

This Englishman can only curse our forebears for being so short-sighted and 'letting America go'.

  • 7.
  • At 03:33 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • SC wrote:

There is nothing wrong with debt ,only that most people do not know how to use it.
The key is to remember debt is a cost ,a mortgage on your future income stream and must be serviced. So you don't incur it unless you can fix it low to the relative return expected.


On topic. My wife's young colleague with a credit rating too low to get a mortgage offer did get one from the Northern Rock recently. I know the irony of that will not be missed.
I sold our last property recently to a chap and his son. No deposit on the exchange as they had a 100% mortgage. Parochial I know ,but it's good to get behind headlines and soundbites.

  • 8.
  • At 03:57 PM on 28 Nov 2007,
  • Dee wrote:

mentioned prices of $12000 to $17,000 are no bargain when those amounts are more than 2 years wages to most people.

The US is in recession. The dollar is in freefall, and two huge twin deficits.

What is the morality of a nation that goes to war and has to borrow the money to do so?

Wake up and smell the coffee, the next superpower is China.

Get rid of your worthless paper money and invest in what the Chinese/Asians want. Food, metals, fuel.

The Fed are a private bank and do what Wall St says: inflate the currency! Keep the bull market!

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