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While weather describes state of the atmosphere over a short time, climate describes the wider conditions that are expected in an area over a much longer period of time.

For example, when describing the average temperature of Belfast during July, you are talking about the climate - when describing the temperature right now in Belfast, you are talking about the weather. One month of hot temperatures in Belfast wouldn’t change the fact that it normally has a rainy climate.

Climate change refers to changes in the Earth's average temperature over a long period of time. If you were to look at a graph of the annual global temperature change, you can clearly see that since 1880 the temperature in a very short period time, relative to millions of years has increased dramatically. Recently, the rate of this change has been speeding up.

These changes can occur naturally over time, but most scientists think that human behaviour is increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is causing these more rapid changes to the climate.

A lot of people consider climate change the most important crisis facing the world today, and use terms like climate emergency or climate crisis to remind us of the gravity of the situation.

The major cause of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (and other Greenhouse gases) into the atmosphere, which traps heat radiating from Earth toward space. We call this the greenhouse effect. Too much fossil fuel has been burnt in the last 80 years and therefore too much carbon dioxide has been released into the atmosphere.

In 1750, 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide was in the atmosphere, in May 2020, scientists found that had increased to 417 parts per million.

Although the burning of fossil fuels is the main cause of climate change there are other contributing factors:

• Deforestation: During photosynthesis trees absorb carbon dioxide. However, cutting them down means there is more carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as the trees are no longer there to store and remove the carbon dioxide, furthermore, burning them releases the carbon they had stored.

• Agriculture: Farming practices are responsible for releasing greenhouse gases into the air. In Northern Ireland, the large amounts of grazing animals (cows and sheep) are responsible for nearly 30% of all our carbon emissions.

• Landfill: When biodegradable waste such as food, paper and card is sent to landfill sites - it releases methane gas into the atmosphere.

We can all make changes to reduce our carbon footprint and personal impact on the environment. Here are some of the ways we can do that:

• Food consumption: eat less meat and more food that’s produced locally.
• Fly less: if it’s the only option pick a destination close by, fly economy and choose to carbon offset.
• Reduce car journeys: where possible cycle, walk or use public transport to get to school.
• Get involved: find out about organisations that campaign for environmental change.
• Green spaces: protect them and if possible, plant trees or introduce plants into your household.
• Change your buying habits: avoid single-use items and only purchase clothes you really need.
• Recycle your unwanted clothes: donate to clothing banks and charity shops or sell them on.
• Use less energy: at home switch off lights and appliances when you’re not using them.