���˿���

• Around 2500BC settlers from mainland Europe brought new skills to Britain.
• They were metalworkers who knew how to work with copper.
• Gradually, Britons learned to make objects from copper, gold and bronze.

• By 2100BC, Britons were mining metals.
• Trading ships travelled to mainland Europe carrying copper, tin and precious objects made by metalworkers.
• Some settlers who arrived belonged to the Beaker culture.
• Beaker people lived in clans led by powerful chiefs. They held religious ceremonies at stone circles, and buried their dead in circular graves. These customs became part of life in Ancient Britain.

During the Bronze Age, many people crossed the sea from mainland Europe to Britain.

• They travelled in long wooden boats rowed by oarsmen.
• The boats carried people, animals and trading goods.
• They were loaded with metal from mines, precious swords, pots and jewellery.
• Boats were very useful for carrying heavy materials like stone.
• Large areas of land were covered by forest, so it was much easier to transport goods by river.
• A boat found at Dover needed 18 people to paddle it!

Learning to tame wild animals

• By the start of the Bronze Age, people in Britain had learned to tame horses.
• Then, around 1000BC, they learned to make carts with wheels.
• Some farmers travelled on horseback or used wooden carts, pulled by horses or oxen.
• The first war chariots appeared at the end of the Bronze Age. Warriors rode into battle standing on chariots pulled by horses.

In 2002, archaeologists at Amesbury, in Wiltshire made an amazing find. They discovered the grave of a Bronze Age man, just two miles from Stonehenge.

He was buried with around 100 objects! The people who buried him must have believed that he would use the objects in the next world.

When the man was found, he was nicknamed 'the Amesbury Archer'. This was because he was buried with arrowheads and wrist-guards used by archers.

In fact, the Amesbury Archer probably spent most of his time working with metal. One of the objects in his grave was a cushion stone - a tool used by metalworkers.

Tests on the Archer’s skeleton show that he lived around 2300BC, grew up in the mountains of mainland Europe then travelled to England as an adult.

What can you learn about the Amesbury Archer from his grave?

Main image © The Salisbury Museum. Additional images © Wessex Archaeology