If you鈥檙e a parent, you鈥檝e probably realised by now how much babies love to feel your touch.
But did you know just how powerful your cuddles can be? To find out, we spoke to psychologists about how important touch and skin-to-skin contact is to babies鈥 early development, bonds with their parents and sense of wellbeing.
Did you know there's a really effective way to help your baby be healthier and happier?And it's something so simple, they love to feel your touch.
In newborn babies, the nervous system is developing at an amazing rate and it's the connections between nerve cells that link up all of our senses.The way we think, the way we feel, the way we react. It's all down to how our nervous system works.
Before babies are born, they're in constant physical contact and they need lots of it after they're born too. Touch is a really important sense for bonding, creating that deep emotional connection. Try gentle tickling, massage or just good old fashioned cuddles.
This sort of positive touch makes baby feel more secure. Plus, it boosts their immune system and helps them sleep better. What parent isn't going to like that?
Why babies love cuddles
According to clinical psychologist Linda Blair, human babies are unique as mammals in the amount they need physical touch.
We're helpless for a relatively longer period in our life than any other creature. We need to be made warm, held, brought close. It's necessary for survival.
When you cuddle your child, both of you receive a flood of a hormone called oxytocin, which you may have heard referred to as 鈥榯he love hormone鈥, owing to the warm, fuzzy feeling you might feel when it鈥檚 released.
According to Linda, this hormone is better understood as 鈥渁 bonding hormone that makes you feel safe where you are and who you're with.鈥 Oxytocin is released through making eye-contact with loved ones and friends, but it is most dramatically increased through touch. This means that cuddling your baby is a key way to strengthen the bond between you.
Developmental psychologist Suzanne Zeedyk agrees, 鈥淵ou boost your baby's sense of feeling safe, feeling like they belong. Physical closeness feels safe for a baby.鈥 Skin-to-skin contact increases the level of oxytocin released in the brain. 鈥淚t's sort of like turning up the volume on the stereo - it's much more powerful,鈥 says Linda.
Linda adds that when you and your baby cuddle, 鈥渘ot only do you feel safe, but you also feel calmer and happier and satisfied.鈥 This owes to the knock-on effect oxytocin has on other hormones within the brain.
Oxytocin allows serotonin to rise, which can contribute to feelings of happiness in you and your baby. It also leads to a hit of dopamine, which allows you to feel a sense of reward. On top of this, Oxytocin makes levels of cortisol, the stress hormone, drop in both of you.
This hormonal change leads to changes in your baby鈥檚 behaviour. 鈥淭he more oxytocin your baby has in their body, the easier it will be for you as a parent,鈥 says Suzanne. 鈥淭hey鈥檒l cry less, they鈥檒l cope with changes better and they'll be more patient. They'll sleep better too.鈥
Cuddles help babies manage stress
This balancing act of oxytocin and cortisol is key to how your baby learns to respond to stress. 鈥淎 baby's stress system is incomplete at birth. It's very fragile and will change and develop on the basis of the experiences that a baby has,鈥 says Suzanne. 鈥淭hat's really exciting, but it's also a little bit scary for grown-ups, because you start to realise how important you are to the baby.鈥
By cuddling your baby when they feel stressed and in need of that oxytocin boost, says Suzanne, they鈥檙e learning that they can feel safe with you and that they can trust you to meet their needs.
If you have enough comforting experiences as a baby, you feel safe, you feel relaxed. You build different neural pathways.
Can you cuddle your baby too much?
You may have heard from well-meaning friends and relatives that you鈥檒l 鈥榤ake a rod for your own back鈥 by cuddling your baby too much. But according to Suzanne, the opposite can be true if you give your child cuddles when they need them. 鈥淭hey'll trust you more. By that I mean they鈥檒l let you go to the loo for longer. They're less scared by you being gone. So you can spend an extra 15 seconds in the loo on your own before your baby's anxiety climbs. The baby can start to withstand longer and longer periods of stress, because they know you'll come back and the heart doesn't beat so fast in those periods of stress.鈥
Suzanne says that as a society, we鈥檙e often led to cuddle, carry and hug children less and less, whether that鈥檚 through children being placed in prams, car seats or strollers, but that their developing stress systems need plenty of physical touch in order for children to develop their own resilience.
The problem comes when you鈥檙e going against children鈥檚 desire to explore the world around as they gain greater independence. 鈥淎s the baby grows, you want more and more exploring鈥 says Linda, 鈥渂ut when I鈥檓 talking about growing, I鈥檓 talking about years, not weeks.鈥
Suzanne agrees, 鈥淚f you are paying attention to what your baby needs, if you're paying attention to when they need closeness and you're paying attention to when they need distance, your baby will come to trust you, and then they'll now trust other people too.鈥
What are the long-term benefits of cuddling your baby?
An Israeli study conducted in 2014 compared a group of premature babies who had received skin-to-skin cuddles from their mothers from birth and those who had significantly less skin-to-skin contact. Remarkably, the 10-year-old children who had been held more by their mums responded less dramatically to stress, their sleep was more consistent, and they had better control of their behaviour than the other group. There was also better back and forth interaction between children and their parents. This suggests that cuddling children as babies can have a lasting positive effect.
Linda suspects that learning about turn-taking is part and parcel of early cuddles, as during these bonding moments, parents focus on their child鈥檚 needs in an up-close and personal way. 鈥淚f the baby starts squirming, you naturally loosen up. If the baby is shivering, you naturally cuddle more. You're teaching turn-taking: they express a need, and you respond. It deepens the parent-child bond, but it also makes the baby more aware of the importance of turn-taking in a relationship without them knowing.鈥
Turn-taking is key to children鈥檚 social skills as they learn to communicate, forming the basis of conversation as they learn language.
Suzanne is keen to stress that regular cuddling and skin-to-skin contact could potentially have a lifelong impact on their babies. She wants parents to realise that while this may make them feel anxious, they deserve to know how important it is, so that they take cuddling seriously.
It is sweet, but it鈥檚 also really, really, really important.
