Up, Up and Away!
Quentin Cooper hears from two brothers about the perilous balloon flights of a special telescope in the Arctic and Antarctic and attempts to film them.
Their film, BLAST! (Named from the telescope - Balloon-borne, Large Aperture, Sub-millimetre Telescope - not their expletives), is now being screened.
Mark Devlin is an astronomer at the University of Pennsylvania.听 But to study new stars in distant galaxies he needs to look at them in sub-millimetre wavelengths that don鈥檛 penetrate the Earth鈥檚 atmosphere.
Space missions are too slow and expensive so he attempts to fly his fragile telescope beneath a high-altitude balloon which takes it to the top of the atmosphere.
But to keep it in the sky takes constant daylight, or the gasses in the balloon would cool and it would drop from the sky.听 So that means taking it above the Arctic or Antarctic circle in mid-summer. And that brings its own problems.
Mark鈥檚 brother, Paul, is an Emmy-award-winning film maker and has been following his brother鈥檚 team making a major documentary.
He captures the trials and tribulations, delays and panics, disappointments and triumphs of attempted launches from Sweden and Antarctica.
Iron in the Sea
Almost half the carbon dioxide that鈥檚 emitted into the air ends up being absorbed by plankton in the sea.
Plankton are as important at fixing carbon dioxide as are plants on land.
But the vast belt of ocean surrounding Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, is not pulling its weight.
As a controversial Indian-German experiment, LOHAFEX, heads for the Antarctic waters to see if additional plankton can be encouraged, Quentin hears what鈥檚 known about ocean fertilization using iron, what the lessons from previous experiments have been, and what it all has to do with the Ice Ages.
Raymond Pollard, from the National Ocean Centre, Southampton, and ecologist Geraint Tarling from the British Antarctic Survey.
Next week on Material World - the language of smell.
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听30 min
