成人快手

Bha mi ag innse dhuibh mu Raibeart Armstrong a chruthaich faclair G脿idhlig ann an ochd ceud deug, fichead 始s a c貌ig (1825). Bha f猫ill air an fhaclair. Bha rudan aige, ge-t脿, a tha a鈥� coimhead annasach an-diugh, gu h-脿raidh mar a bha earrann aige air na daoine a nochdas ann an d脿in Oisein 鈥� co-dhi霉 na d脿in a 鈥榗hruthaich鈥� Seumas B脿n, no 鈥�Ossian MacPherson鈥�.

Bha beachd inntinneach aig Armstrong air siostam litreachaidh na G脿idhlig. Bha e a鈥� leantainn an t-siostaim aig dithis sgoilearan. B鈥� iad sin an t-Oll. Urr. Iain Sti霉bhart 脿 Lus, a dh鈥檈adar-theangaich an Seann Tiomnadh, agus an t-Oll. Urr. Iain Mac a鈥� Ghobhainn 脿 Ceann Loch Cille Chiarain a sgr矛obh sailm.聽

Ge-t脿, bha aon riaghailt litreachaidh a鈥� cur dragh air. B鈥� e sin 鈥�caol ri caol agus leathann ri leathann鈥�. Bha Armstrong a鈥� cumail a-mach gur e siostam 脠ireannach a bh鈥� ann, agus gun do ghabh na G脿idheil Albannach ris ro luath. Bha e dhen bheachd gun robh e a鈥� cur am falach nan ceanglaichean eadar faclan G脿idhlig agus feadhainn ann an c脿nanan eile.

Gu m矛-fhortanach dha, nochd faclair G脿idhlig eile d矛reach tr矛 bliadhna an d猫idh an fhaclair aige fh猫in. B鈥� e sin an Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum aig Comunn G脿idhealach na h-Alba. 始S iongantach mura rinn sin cron air an uiread de na faclairean aige fh猫in a chaidh a reic.

Chaidh d脿 urram a bhuileachadh air 鈥� Faclairiche G脿idhlig R矛oghail don R矛gh agus dotaireachd 脿 Oilthigh Chill R矛mhinn. Ach cha robh tuarastal sam bith co-cheangailte ri fear seach fear dhiubh sin. Chuir Armstrong m貌ran dhen airgead aige fh猫in a-steach don fhaclair, agus chaill e t貌rr.聽

Nuair a leig e dheth a dhreuchd ann an ochd ceud deug, leth-cheud 始s a dh脿 (1852), bha an suidheachadh ionmhais aige cugallach. Bha e p貌sta, le tri霉ir nighean. Gu fortanach, bha caraidean aige anns an riaghaltas, agus fhuair e peinnsean poblach luach seasgad not (拢60). Air dha b脿s fhaighinn ann an Surraidh ann an ochd ceud deug, seasgad 始s a seachd (1867), fhuair a bhanntrach peinnsean luach leth-cheud not (拢50) bhon Bhanrigh.

Th貌isich mi air an t-sreath seo mu Raibeart Armstrong, le bhith ag innse dhuibh mu alt anns an iris 鈥楢n G脿idheal鈥� o chionn faisg air ceud bliadhna. Bha an t-霉ghdar ag innse dhuinn gun robh oileanaich ceud bliadhna roimhe air Siorrachd Pheairt ainmeachadh mar an t-脿ite a b鈥� fhe脿rr airson na G脿idhlig agus a dualchais. Anns an alt, chaidh Peairteach cli霉iteach G脿idhealach eile ainmeachadh 鈥� an t-Urr. Alasdair Sti霉bhart. Sgr矛obh esan an leabhar 鈥�Elements of Gaelic Grammar鈥�.听

Bha f猫ill air an leabhar sin aig an 脿m. Tha lethbhreac dhen d脿rna eagran agam fh矛n, a nochd ann an cl貌 ann an ochd ceud deug 始s a dh脿-dheug (1812). Ach nochd ceathramh eagran dheth ann an ochd ceud deug, ochdad 始s a sia (1886).

C貌 bh鈥� ann an Alasdair Sti霉bhart? Rugadh e sa mhansa ann am Bl脿r Athall ann an seachd ceud deug, seasgad 始s a ceithir (1764). Bha athair cli霉iteach airson cho math 始s a bha a鈥� Gh脿idhlig aige. Bha e f矛or mhath mar shearmonaiche. Chaochail e ann an seachd ceud deug is ochdad (1780).聽

Tha e coltach nach deach Alasdair a sgoil. Fhuair e a chuid foghlaim aig an taigh, agus aig uncail dha. Ach abair gun robh comas inntinn aige. Cluinnidh sibh tuilleadh mu dheidhinn an-ath-sheachdain.

Faclan na Litreach: riaghailt litreachaidh: spelling rule; Faclairiche G脿idhlig R矛oghail: Gaelic Lexicographer Royal; a bhanntrach: his widow; lethbhreac: copy; eagran: edition.

Abairtean na Litreach: Bha f猫ill air an fhaclair: the dictionary聽was well received; a tha a鈥� coimhead rudeigin annasach an-diugh: that look a bit strange today; mar a bha earrann aige air na daoine a nochdas ann an d脿in Oisein: that he had a section on the characters that appear in the poems of Oisean (Ossian); a鈥� leantainn an t-siostaim aig dithis sgoilearan: following the system of two scholars; an t-Oll. Urr. Iain Sti霉bhart 脿 Lus, a dh鈥檈adar-theangaich an Seann Tiomnadh:聽the Rev. Dr. John Stewart of Luss, who translated the Old Testament; an t-Oll. Urr. Iain Mac a鈥� Ghobhainn 脿 Ceann Loch Cille Chiarain a sgr矛obh sailm: the Rev. Dr. John Smith of Campbeltown who wrote psalms; 始s iongantach mura rinn sin cron air: that probably damaged, lessened; an uiread de na faclairean aige fh猫in a chaidh a reic: the number of his own dictionaries that were sold; chaidh d脿 urram a bhuileachadh air: two marks of esteem were bestowed upon him; dotaireachd 脿 Oilthigh Chill R矛mhinn: a doctorate from the University of St Andrews; cha robh tuarastal sam bith co-cheangailte ri fear seach fear dhiubh sin: there was no income whatsoever connected to either of those; bha an suidheachadh ionmhais aige cugallach: his financial circumstances were poor; p貌sta, le tri霉ir nighean: married, with three daughters; fhuair e peinnsean poblach: he got a civil list pension; chaidh Peairteach cli霉iteach G脿idhealach eile ainmeachadh: another renowned Gaelic speaking Perthshire man was named; rugadh e sa mhansa ann am Bl脿r Athall: he was born in the manse in Blair Atholl; f矛or mhath mar shearmonaiche: excellent as a preacher; abair gun robh comas inntinn aige: by gosh, he had a sharp mind.

Puing-ch脿nain na Litreach: caol ri caol agus leathann ri leathann: slender to slender and broad to broad. This is a basic Gaelic spelling rule which is often known today as leathann ri leathann is caol ri caol; it is usually referred to by its Gaelic name, even when speaking English. It means that, on either side of a consonant or consonant group, both vowels should be either broad (a, o, u) or slender (e, i). Armstrong was not a massive fan. He wrote, 鈥�... we ought to write deanaibh, not deanibh ... This mode of spelling is a modern invention ... introduced by the Irish, and adopted by the Gael, with聽 ... more precipitation than propriety.鈥� Despite his misgivings, Armstrong adhered to the rule!

Gn脿thas-cainnt na Litreach: Air dha b脿s fhaighinn ann an Surraidh: after he died in Surrey.