成人快手

Bliadhna Mhath 脵r dhuibh. Tha mi a鈥� dol a th貌iseachadh le ceistean mu sheann r矛ghrean na h-Alba. C貌 an t-aon R矛gh Albannach a th鈥� air ainmeachadh anns a鈥� Mhagna Carta 鈥� an sgr矛obhainn chudromach Shasannach? C貌 an t-aon R矛gh Albannach a thug armailt mh貌r leis gu ruige cladach a deas Shasainn? Agus c貌 an t-aon R矛gh Albannach a chaochail ann an Eilean Chearrara, faisg air an 脪ban?

Uill, 始s e a aon duine a bh鈥� anns na tr矛 鈥� R矛gh Alasdair II no Alasdair mac Uilleim 始ic Eanraig 始ic Dhaibhidh. Ghabh e an r矛gh-chathair ann an d脿 cheud deug is ceithir-deug (1214). Nuair a bha e fhathast na dheugaire, thug e armailt Albannach leis thar cr矛och Shasainn airson taic a thoirt do na h-uaislean Sasannach an aghaidh R矛gh Iain. Bha e an d貌chas fearann fhaighinn ann an ceann an ear-thuath Shasainn.听

Cha do thachair e, ge-t脿. R脿inig Alasdair D貌bhair ach dh鈥檃tharraich c霉isean gu poilitigeach ann an Sasainn, agus thill e dhachaigh gun duais. Thug e s霉il an uair sin air na t矛rean Albannach a bha fo smachd nan Lochlannach air an taobh an iar. Thug e Earra-Gh脿idheal fo smachd na h-Alba. Bha e ag iomairt an aghaidh nan Lochlannach anns na h-eileanan nuair a chaochail e, ann an Cearrara, ann an d脿 cheud deug, ceathrad 始s a naoi (1249).

Bliadhnaichean roimhe sin, nuair a bha Alasdair ann an Sasainn, th脿inig uaislean Shasainn agus R矛gh Iain c貌mhla airson am Magna Carta a chruthachadh 鈥� sgr矛obhainn a bha a鈥� daingneachadh ch貌raichean nam baran. Agus tha an R矛gh Albannach air ainmeachadh ann. A thaobh nan giall Albannach 鈥� c脿irdean aig Alasdair 鈥� a bh鈥� air an cumail an gr猫im ann an Sasainn, bhite a鈥� d猫iligeadh riutha anns an aon d貌igh ri barain Shasainn fh猫in, tha am Magna Carta ag r脿dh.听

Bha mi a鈥� beachdachadh air a鈥� Mhagna Carta oir bha m鈥� aire air sgr矛obhainn eile 鈥� Foirgheall Obair Bhrothaig 鈥� The Declaration of Arbroath. Am measg muinntir Bhreatainn, tha am Magna Carta gu math aithnichte is cli霉mhor. Eadhon ann an Alba, chan eil Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig idir cho aithnichte ris.

Ach tha d霉il agam gun atharraich sin am-bliadhna, oir bithear a鈥� comharrachadh seachd ceud bliadhna on a chaidh Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig a chur don Ph脿p ann an Avignon.

Sgr矛obh mi mu dheidhinn Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig ann an Litrichean 649 agus 650. Chan eil mi airson cus a bharrachd a r脿dh an-diugh, ach gu bheil mi an d貌chas gum bi e a cheart cho aithnichte ris a鈥� Mhagna Carta mus bi a鈥� bhliadhna a-mach. Agus carson nach bitheadh? Chan eil foirgheall nas cudromaiche againn. Tha e a鈥� seasamh mar thaisbeanadh de shaorsa is neo-eisimeileachd. Agus tha e a鈥� dearbhadh gun robh na h-Albannaich o shean dhen bheachd gun robh r矛gh a鈥� riaghladh a-mh脿in le cead an t-sluaigh.

Tron bhliadhna, ann an Obar Bhrothaig, bidh t貌rr a鈥� dol mar chuimhneachan air. Am measg sin, bidh caismeachd de cheudan dhaoine a choinnicheas ri cabhlach bh脿taichean aig a鈥� chala. Bithear a鈥� leughadh dreach 霉r dhen Fhoirgheall agus bithear a鈥� cur lethbhreac 霉r dheth gu muir, d矛reach mar a thachair o chionn seachd ceud bliadhna. Cuiridh e iongnadh orm mura bi Ameireaganach no dh脿 ann, oir tha cuid dhen bheachd gun robh Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig am measg nan sgr矛obhainnean air an robh luchd-st猫idhichidh nan St脿itean Aonaichte a鈥� beachdachadh nuair a sgr矛obh iad am Foirgheall Neo-eisimeileachd aca fh猫in.

Faclan na Litreach: r矛gh-chathair: throne; deugaire: teenager; D貌bhair: Dover; Foirgheall Obair Bhrothaig: The Declaration of Arbroath; aithnichte: recognised, known; cli霉mhor: renowned; lethbhreac: copy.听

Abairtean na Litreach: Bliadhna Mhath 脵r dhuibh: Happy New Year [to you]; c貌 an t-aon R矛gh Albannach a thug armailt mh貌r leis gu ruige cladach a deas Shasainn?: who is the one Scottish king who took a large army with him to the south coast of England?; a chaochail ann an Eilean Chearrara: who died on the Island of Kerrera; an d貌chas fearann fhaighinn ann an ceann an ear-thuath Shasainn: hoping to gain land in the north-east of England; na t矛rean Albannach a bha fo smachd nan Lochlannach air an taobh an iar: the Scottish lands that were under the control of the Scandinavians in the west; th脿inig uaislean Shasainn agus R矛gh Iain c貌mhla airson X a chruthachadh: the nobles of England and King John came together to create X; sgr矛obhainn a bha a鈥� daingneachadh ch貌raichean nam baran: a document that was reinforcing the rights of the barons; a thaobh nan giall Albannach: with regard to the Scottish hostages; bhite a鈥� d猫iligeadh riutha anns an aon d貌igh ri barain Shasainn fh猫in: they would be dealt with in the same way as the barons of England; tha d霉il agam gun atharraich sin am-bliadhna: I expect that will change this year; oir bithear a鈥� comharrachadh seachd ceud bliadhna: seven hundred years will be commemorated; mar thaisbeanadh de shaorsa is neo-eisimeileachd: as a manifestation of freedom and independence; gun robh r矛gh a鈥� riaghladh a-mh脿in le cead an t-sluaigh: that a king only reigned with the permission of the people; bidh caismeachd de cheudan dhaoine a choinnicheas ri cabhlach bh脿taichean aig a鈥� chala: there will be a march of hundreds of people who will meet a fleet of boats at the harbour; cuiridh e iongnadh orm mura bi Ameireaganach no dh脿 ann: I鈥檇 [I will] be surprised if they are not an American or two present; air an robh luchd-st猫idhichidh nan St脿itean Aonaichte a鈥� beachdachadh nuair a sgr矛obh iad am Foirgheall Neo-eisimeileachd aca fh猫in: of which the founders of the United States were thinking when they wrote their own Declaration of Independence.

Puing-ch脿nain na Litreach: carson nach bitheadh?: why wouldn鈥檛 it be? The normal spelling of the conditional verbal form of 鈥榖i鈥� (the verb 鈥榯o be鈥�) is biodh, except when we emphasise it, and give the emphatic pronunciation [BEE-ugh]. Then it is spelt bitheadh.

Gn脿thas-cainnt na Litreach: mus bi a鈥� bhliadhna a-mach: before the year is out.