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Social and economic indicators of development influence population growth including birth rates and death rates whilst physical and human factors affect population distribution in a country.

Developed world cities have land use zones with recognisable characteristics which have experienced change and redevelopment. Developing world cities have to deal with issues in their shanty towns.

Rural landscapes in developed and developing countries have changed as a result of modern developments including diversification, the impact of new technology, organic farming and biofuels.

Understanding the causes and potential consequences of global climate change on people and the environment are crucial in implementing strategies to reduce the threat of climate change in the future.

As global population grows it puts pressure on the environment leading to water shortages and pollution, deforestation and famine. Responsible management strategies can reduce human resource abuse.

Understanding why natural hazards occur can help countries to manage or prevent their consequences. Case studies illustrate the impact of natural hazards in the short and long term.

Global citizens rely on a network of communications between countries. Declining and emerging economies can have a positive and negative impact. Fair trade can protect employees and the environment.

Tourism develops due to natural and man-made factors. It is a global issue with positive and negative effects. Responsible management can minimise the impact of tourism in the 21st century.

Case studies illustrate the causes of health issues. They explain their growth, effects on the population and the strategies involved in managing development and health in the 21st century.