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A model or simulation is only as good as the rules used to create it. It is very difficult to create an entirely realistic model or simulation because the rules are based on research and past events.

The main disadvantage of simulations is that they aren’t the real thing. People may react differently when faced with situations in the real world. For example, they are more likely to panic if there is real danger.

With the increase of virtual worlds, people are becoming more familiar with simulation. This familiarisation increases real-world reactions in virtual environments.

Advantages of modelling and simulation

• Can be safer and cheaper than the real world.
• Able to test a product or system works before building it.
• Can use it to find unexpected problems.
• Able to explore ‘what if…’ questions.
• Can speed things up or slow them down to see changes over long or short periods of time.

Disadvantages of modelling and simulation

• Mistakes may be made in the programming or rules of the simulation or model.
• The cost of a simulation model can be high.
• The cost of running several different simulations may be high.
• Time may be needed to make sense of the results.
• People’s reactions to the model or simulation might not be realistic or reliable.

Computer games or video games are based on ‘what if…’ questions. They are becoming increasingly sophisticated and allow for more complex real-life simulations. There is software available that allows anyone to create their own computer game or virtual world.