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Simulations are a type of computer model. A simulation imitates a particular environment. It can be used for research or training.

Pilots are initially trained using a flight simulator. The simulator consists of a cockpit that is identical to the cockpit in a real plane. The windows are replaced with computer screens that show a simulation of the outside world. The screens, cockpit displays and controls are linked to a powerful computer that responds to the pilot. The simulation reacts based on predetermined rules linked to how the pilot behaves.

Advantages of a flight simulator

• The pilot can learn the basics without any risk of damaging the plane or injuring passengers and crew.
• It is cheaper than buying and maintaining a real plane for training purposes.
• No fuel or crew is required.
• The pilot can practise flying in dangerous weather conditions, eg heavy wind and rain.
• The pilot can practise what to do in emergencies, eg engine failure.

Other uses of simulation

• Nuclear power stations use simulation to improve output by looking at temperature, pressure and gas flow in the plant.
• Scientific experiments, eg plant growth, can be simulated in varying conditions.
• Studying the effect of the sea on the coastline in order to position defences to protect against erosion and flooding.
• Investigating the need for new roads or traffic lights by simulating traffic flow.
• The aerodynamics of cars can be investigated by simulating air flow over different body shapes.