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Divisions of the nervous system and neural pathwaysThe structure and function of neural pathways

The nervous system enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour. It comprises millions of neurones and uses electrical impulses to communicate very quickly.

Part of Human BiologyNeurobiology and immunology

The structure and function of neural pathways

There are different forms that neural pathways can take:

  • converging
  • diverging
  • reverberating

Converging pathways

Diagram of converging pathways

Converging pathways involve impulses from several neurons coming together into one neuron. Converging pathways increase sensitivity to excitatory or inhibitory signals.

An example of a converging neural pathway would be the convergence of neurons from rods in the retina of an eye. This allows increasing sensitivity to low levels of illumination through summation (a series of weak stimuli that can trigger an impulse). .

Diverging pathways

Diagram of diverging pathways

In diverging pathways, impulses from one neuron split to travel along several neurons. As a result the original impulse is able to affect more than one destination at the same time, for example controlling several muscles in the hand so that the fingers can work together.

Reverberating pathways

Diagram of reverberating pathways

In reverberating pathways neurons later in the pathway can link with earlier neurons which allows the impulse to travel through the pathway again. As a result of the reverberating pathway, repeated stimulation of the pathway is possible for repetitive activities such as breathing.