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The other setting you need to adjust is the aperture, which controls the size of the opening in your lens.

^{Like the pupil in your eye, the aperture can be opened or closed to control the amount of light passing through it.}

Aperture settings are also sometimes referred to as 'f-stops' and each f-stop has a number.

Confusingly, the lower an f-stop the more open the aperture will be and the higher the f-stop, the more closed it will be.

So an f-stop of f3.5 for example, will let lots of light in, but an f-stop of f22 might be letting in very little light.

Just remember:

Small f-stop = larger opening = more light entering camera

Large f-stop = smaller opening = less light entering camera

If you’re trying to make effective use of shallow focus you will almost certainly need to adjust the aperture.

Choosing a smaller f-stop will make it easier to separate your subject from the background.

Shutter speed

DSLR Cameras have a setting which allows you to adjust the shutter speed.

Shutter speed controls how many times an image is exposed per second.

^{If the shutter speed is set to a low value, you will see motion blur as moving objects pass the lens.}

If the shutter speed is set high then all of the motion will look crisp.

As a general rule, the shutter speed for video should always be set to double your frame rate.

If you are shooting at the standard rate of 25 frames per second, your shutter speed should be set to 50.

That combination of frame rate and shutter speed will give you natural looking movement.

One downside to setting a higher shutter speed is the fact that this will, by lowering the amount of time each frame is exposed for, darken your image.

You may also have to use the aperture and ISO controls to make sure everything is balanced.

Controls for adjusting the shutter speed will vary from camera to camera so you should consult the manual for your specific model.